מתכונת חדשהבשאלון זה אין להשתמש במילון או במילונית.
משך הבחינה: שעה ורבע.
מבנה השאלון ומפתח ההערכה: בשאלון זה שני פרקים.
פרק ראשון
הבנת הנקרא (WRITTEN RECEPTION)
70 נקודות
פרק שני
אוצר מילים (LEXICAL KNOWLEDGE)
30 נקודות
סך הכול
100 נקודות
חומר עזר מותר בשימוש: אין.
הוראות מיוחדות: (1) יש לכתוב את כל התשובות בגוף השאלון (במקומות המיועדים לכך).
(2) יש לכתוב את כל התשובות באנגלית ובעט בלבד.
(3) בתום הבחינה יש להחזיר את השאלון למשגיח או למשגיחה.
השאלות בשאלון זה מנוסחות בלשון רבים, אף על פי כן על כל תלמידה וכל תלמיד להשיב עליהן באופן אישי.
בהצלחה!
/המשך מעבר לדף/
אנגלית, מועד לדוגמה, תשפ"ז, בסגנון שאלון 16471 · MODULE E
PART I: WRITTEN RECEPTION (70 points)
(ACCESS TO INFORMATION FROM WRITTEN TEXTS)
Read the article below and then answer questions 1-9.
A glossary of the underlined words (numbers 1-3) is provided below the article.
FOOD FROM THE ROOFTOPS
I In most big cities, fresh vegetables travel a very long way before anyone
eats them. Lettuce that is picked on a farm may spend days in trucks, driving hundreds of
kilometers to reach a city supermarket. These journeys burn large amounts of fuel and cause
air pollution, and much of the food is thrown away before it is ever sold. The problem is
growing: experts believe that by 2050, nearly seven out of ten people in the world will live
in cities, and feeding them all will be one of the biggest challenges of this century.
II One possible solution is surprisingly simple: grow the food inside the
city itself. In recent years, farms have appeared on rooftops, in empty parking garages, and
inside old warehouses1. Some companies build "vertical farms," where vegetables
grow in layers, one above the other, under special lights. Because the water in these farms
is recycled, they can use up to 90 percent less water than regular fields. Countries with
little farmland, such as Singapore, are investing millions of dollars in this technology.
"Vegetables can now grow just meters away from the people who eat them," says food researcher
Daniel Weiss. "That was impossible only twenty years ago."
III However, growing food in the city has not become as popular as many
expected. The special lights need a great deal of electricity, so the vegetables are often
expensive, and in the last few years several vertical farm companies have closed because they
could not pay their enormous electricity bills. There is also a problem of attitude. "Many
shoppers still think of city-grown vegetables as a strange product for rich people," Weiss
explains. "They walk past them in the supermarket without even noticing them."
IV Can this attitude be changed? A study done in Canada suggests that it
can. Researchers invited teenagers from one neighborhood to grow vegetables and
herbs2 on the roof of their school. At the end of the growing season, the
teenagers sold the vegetables at a low price at a neighborhood market. Before the project
began, the researchers gave the local residents a questionnaire3 to find out
how willing they were to buy city-grown food. When the project ended, the residents answered
the same questionnaire again.
V The results were clear: after the project, many more residents said they
would happily buy vegetables grown in the city. "The project worked because people finally saw
fresh food growing near their own homes," says Weiss. "When you watch lettuce growing on a
roof across the street, you stop thinking of it as strange. I would love to see a rooftop
garden in every neighborhood. Together they could make a real difference."
GLOSSARY
1. warehouse
מחסן · مستودع
2. herbs
עשבי תיבול · أعشاب
3. questionnaire
שאלון · استبيان
QUESTIONS (70 points)
Answer questions 1-9 in English according to the article.
In questions 1, 4, 6, and 8, circle the number of the correct answer.
In the other questions, follow the instructions.
1.(7 points)
What do we learn from paragraph I?
Model answer · תשובהThe route · הדרך: A main-idea question about a whole paragraph, so the answer has to cover
paragraph I as a whole and not one single detail inside it. Read the paragraph through to its last
sentence and see where it is heading, then drop every option the paragraph does not really deliver.
Take special care with an option that borrows a fact from the text: the paragraph does say that
nearly seven out of ten people will live in cities by 2050, but it never tells us why they prefer
city life.
שאלת רעיון מרכזי: קראו את פסקה I עד סופה, בדקו לאן היא מובילה, ופסלו כל אפשרות שהפסקה אינה מוסרת בפועל. היזהרו מאפשרות שנשענת על נתון שכן מופיע: הפסקה אומרת שרוב האנשים יגורו בערים, אך אינה מסבירה מדוע הם מעדיפים זאת. ii. Paragraph I says that food must travel far into cities (causing pollution and
waste) and that by 2050 nearly seven out of ten people will live in cities, "and feeding
them all will be one of the biggest challenges of this century."
(הפסקה עוסקת בקושי הגובר להאכיל את ערי העולם.)
2.(8 points)
According to paragraph I, why are the long journeys of the food trucks bad for the
environment? COMPLETE THE ANSWER.
Because they .
Model answer · תשובהThe route · הדרך: A completion question about a detail the text states outright. The opening
"Because they" tells you that a verb must come next, so find the sentence in paragraph I that says
what the truck journeys do, and take from it the words that name the damage.
שאלת השלמה: אתרו בפסקה I את המשפט על נסיעות המשאיות, והשלימו בפועל שממשיך את "Because they".
Because they burn large amounts of fuel and cause air pollution.
(Either part alone is acceptable.)
(מופיע במפורש בפסקה הראשונה.)
3.(7 points)
Name ONE place inside the city where farms have appeared in recent years. (paragraph II)
ANSWER: .
Model answer · תשובהThe route · הדרך: A locate-the-detail question. The instruction asks for ONE place, so a full
list is not wanted and a wrong extra item can cost you the point. Paragraph II names the places in
a single sentence; choose one of them and write it with the preposition the article uses.
שאלת איתור פרט: בפסקה II יש משפט אחד שמונה את המקומות; בחרו מקום אחד בלבד וכתבו אותו עם מילת היחס שבטקסט.
Any ONE of: on rooftops / in empty parking garages /
inside old warehouses.
(שלושת המקומות מנויים בפסקה השנייה; יש לציין אחד בלבד.)
4.(8 points)
What advantage of vertical farms is mentioned in paragraph II?
Model answer · תשובהThe route · הדרך: A detail question with two limits built into it: one paragraph, and one kind
of information - an advantage. Look in paragraph II for a sentence that compares vertical farms
with ordinary farming; the words "regular fields" mark it. Then test the options one by one: an
option fails if the paragraph never mentions it, and it fails just as surely if it contradicts
something the paragraph does say.
שאלת פרט ממוקדת: חפשו בפסקה II את המשפט שמשווה בין החוות האנכיות לשדות רגילים, ופסלו כל אפשרות שלא נאמרה או שסותרת את הכתוב. i. "Because the water in these farms is recycled, they can use up to 90 percent
less water than regular fields." The other options are not stated (and iv contradicts
the "special lights").
(היתרון היחיד שמוזכר הוא החיסכון במים.)
5.(8 points)
According to paragraph III, why have several vertical farm companies closed? COMPLETE THE ANSWER.
Because they could not .
Model answer · תשובהThe route · הדרך: A cause question. Paragraph III sets out a chain: the special lights need a
great deal of electricity, the bills grow enormous, and the companies close. Follow the chain to
its end and complete the sentence with what the companies were unable to do. After "could not" the
verb stays in its base form.
שאלת סיבה: עקבו אחר השרשרת בפסקה III - תאורה, חשמל וחשבונות - והשלימו אחרי "could not" בפועל בצורת המקור.
Because they could not pay their enormous electricity bills.
(התאורה המיוחדת דורשת חשמל רב, והחברות לא עמדו בעלות.)
6.(8 points)
What does Weiss explain in paragraph III?
Model answer · תשובהThe route · הדרך: The question asks what a named speaker explains, so the evidence is the words
inside his quotation marks and not the sentences around them. Weiss has one speaking turn in
paragraph III, printed as two sentences in quotation marks, and it comes straight after the writer
raises "a problem of attitude". Both of the electricity options fail here: the paragraph never
explains why electricity is expensive, and it says that the special lights need a great deal of
electricity rather than save it (the saving described in this article is water, back in
paragraph II).
שאלה על דברי דובר: התשובה נמצאת בתוך הציטוט של וייס בפסקה III, ולא במשפטים שסביבו. iii. Weiss explains the "problem of attitude": many shoppers still think of
city-grown vegetables as a strange product for rich people and walk past them without
noticing them.
(הציטוט של וייס בפסקה השלישית עוסק ביחס הקונים.)
7.(8 points)
In the study described in paragraph IV, what did the teenagers do with the vegetables
they grew?
ANSWER: .
Model answer · תשובהThe route · הדרך: A detail question about one stage of the study. Paragraph IV does not run in
time order - it ends by going back to what the researchers did before the project began - so find
the stage by its marker phrase and not by its place in the paragraph. The stage you need opens with
"At the end of the growing season". Answer with what that sentence says about the selling: where it
happened and at what price.
שאלת פרט: פסקה IV אינה כתובה לפי סדר הזמנים (בסופה חוזרים למה שנעשה לפני תחילת הפרויקט), ולכן אתרו את השלב לפי הביטוי "At the end of the growing season", וכתבו איפה ובאיזה מחיר נמכרו הירקות.
They sold them at a low price at a neighborhood market (at the end of the
growing season).
(מופיע במפורש בפסקה הרביעית.)
8.(8 points)
What are we told about the study that is described in paragraph IV?
Model answer · תשובהThe route · הדרך: This one asks which piece of information about the study the article actually
gives, so the way in is elimination. Go through paragraph IV and mark what it does report: it
reports the questionnaire twice, before the project and again after it, and that pair of
questionnaires is how the researchers measured the change in the residents' willingness to buy
city-grown food. Any option whose detail never appears is out, however reasonable it sounds.
שאלת פסילה: סמנו בפסקה IV מה כן נמסר, וכל אפשרות שהפרט שבה אינו מופיע בטקסט - נפסלת, גם אם היא נשמעת הגיונית. i. We are told that the researchers gave the residents a questionnaire before the
project and the same questionnaire again after it ended - this is how attitudes were
measured. The other details are not given.
(השאלון לפני ואחרי הוא כלי המדידה של המחקר.)
9.(8 points)
According to Weiss, why did the rooftop project succeed? Give ONE answer from
paragraph V. COMPLETE THE ANSWER.
Because people .
Model answer · תשובהThe route · הדרך: The words "According to Weiss" send you to his quotation in paragraph V, not
to the sentence about the results that comes before it. He gives his reason in a "because" clause,
and that clause opens with the word "people" itself - so write in the blank only the words that
come after "because people".
הביטוי "According to Weiss" מפנה אל הציטוט שלו בפסקה V, ולא אל המשפט על התוצאות שלפניו; הפסוקית עצמה פותחת ב-"because people", ולכן כתבו את מה שבא אחרי שתי המילים האלה.
Because people finally saw fresh food growing near their own homes
(so they stopped thinking of city-grown food as strange).
(הסבר ההצלחה בציטוט של וייס בפסקה החמישית.)
PART II: LEXICAL KNOWLEDGE (30 points)
(VOCABULARY)
Below are five questions, (10) to (14). In each question there are six items
(words or chunks) and three definitions.
In each question, match three of the items 1-6 to the definitions.
Write the number of the item next to its definition, as shown in the example.
(2 points for each correct match.)
EXAMPLE
1. a bridge 2. a ticket 3. a kitchen 4. a mirror 5. a passenger 6. a blanket
3 the room in a house where meals are cooked
1 a structure that lets people cross a river or a road
5 a person who travels in a car, bus, or plane
(10)(3x2=6 points)
1. to borrow 2. to improve 3. to measure 4. to melt 5. to observe 6. to whisper
to watch someone or something carefully
to make something better
to find the size or amount of something
Model answer · תשובהThe route · הדרך: A matching task, not a reading question: six items, three definitions, so
three items are meant to stay unused. Start with the definition you are surest of, cross off each
item the moment you use it, and never force a leftover item onto a definition that does not fit it.
Every definition here names an action, so ask which verb could replace it inside a sentence.
שאלת התאמה: התחילו מההגדרה הברורה ביותר, מחקו כל פריט ששובץ, וזכרו ששלושה פריטים אמורים להישאר בלי הגדרה. 5 to observe = to watch carefully (לצפות, להתבונן);
2 to improve = to make better (לשפר);
3 to measure = to find the size or amount (למדוד).
Distractors: to borrow (לשאול לזמן מה),
to melt (להימס), to whisper (ללחוש).
(11)(3x2=6 points)
1. an audience 2. a decade 3. a laboratory 4. a neighbor 5. a refugee 6. a solution
a person who must leave their country because of war or danger
the people who watch a performance or a show
a period of ten years
Model answer · תשובהThe route · הדרך: Six nouns and three definitions. Sort the items first by what kind of thing
each one is - a person, a group of people, a length of time - and compare that with the kind of
thing each definition describes. The sorting alone rules most of the items out before you weigh
their exact meaning.
מיינו קודם לפי סוג: אדם, קבוצה או פרק זמן, והשוו לסוג שההגדרה מתארת. המיון הזה פוסל את רוב הפריטים מראש. 5 a refugee = a person forced to leave their country (פליט);
1 an audience = the people watching a show (קהל);
2 a decade = ten years (עשור).
Distractors: a laboratory (מעבדה),
a neighbor (שכן), a solution (פתרון).
Model answer · תשובהThe route · הדרך: Adjectives are easiest to match if you try each one in a short phrase with a
noun and listen for the fit. The three definitions here cover three different areas - character,
origin and age - so decide which area a definition belongs to first, and only then choose between
the items that are left.
שלוש ההגדרות עוסקות באופי, במוצא ובגיל; קבעו תחילה לאיזה תחום שייכת כל הגדרה, ורק אז בחרו בין הפריטים. 5 generous = happy to give to others (נדיב);
4 foreign = from another country (זר);
1 ancient = very old (עתיק).
Distractors: bitter (מר), brave (אמיץ),
slippery (חלקלק).
Model answer · תשובהThe route · הדרך: All six items end in -ly, so the ending tells you nothing - work from the base
word hidden inside each adverb. Do that carefully, though: a few -ly adverbs have drifted away from
the word inside them, and "hardly" is one of them - it does not mean "in a hard way" but "almost
not at all". Two of the definitions are about degree (how much) and one is about frequency (how
often), so decide which of the two a definition is asking about before you pick an item.
הסיומת -ly משותפת לכל הפריטים, ולכן היעזרו במילת הבסיס - אבל בזהירות: יש תארי פועל שהתרחקו ממילת הבסיס שלהם, ו-"hardly" אינו "בצורה קשה" אלא "כמעט בכלל לא". שתי הגדרות עוסקות במידה ואחת בתדירות. 3 hardly = almost not at all (בקושי);
1 entirely = completely (לגמרי);
2 frequently = very often (לעיתים קרובות).
Distractors: politely (בנימוס),
silently (בשקט), suddenly (פתאום).
(14)(3x2=6 points)
1. to find out 2. to give up 3. to look after 4. to run out of 5. to turn off 6. to make up your mind
to take care of someone or something
to stop trying to do something
to discover information about something
Model answer · תשובהThe route · הדרך: These items are chunks, and in a phrasal verb the particle carries as much
meaning as the verb itself, so read each item as one unit instead of translating the verb alone.
Match by what the whole phrase does: caring for someone, stopping, discovering. Some of the wrong
items share a verb or a particle with a right answer, and those are the ones placed there to catch
you; the others simply carry a meaning of their own.
בצירופי פועל המשמעות נקבעת על ידי הצירוף כולו ולא על ידי הפועל לבדו; שימו לב לפריטים שחולקים אותה מילית או אותו פועל. 3 to look after = to take care of (לטפל ב-);
2 to give up = to stop trying (לוותר);
1 to find out = to discover information (לגלות, לברר).
Distractors: to run out of (לאזול),
to turn off (לכבות),
to make up your mind (להחליט).
מחוון - תשובות סופיות / Answer Key
לבדיקה עצמית מהירה; הפתרונות המלאים בגוף השאלון.
Question
Answer
1
ii) Why feeding people in cities is becoming a big challenge.
2
Because they burn large amounts of fuel and cause air pollution
3
Any ONE of: on rooftops / in empty parking garages / inside old warehouses
4
i) They use much less water than regular fields.
5
Because they could not pay their enormous electricity bills
6
iii) What many shoppers think about city-grown vegetables.
7
They sold them at a low price at a neighborhood market
8
i) How the researchers measured the residents' attitudes.
9
Because people finally saw fresh food growing near their own homes
(10)
5 to observe = to watch carefully · 2 to improve = to make better · 3 to measure = to find the size or amount
(11)
5 a refugee = a person forced to leave their country · 1 an audience = the people watching a show · 2 a decade = ten years
(12)
5 generous = happy to give to others · 4 foreign = from another country · 1 ancient = very old
(13)
3 hardly = almost not at all · 1 entirely = completely · 2 frequently = very often
(14)
3 to look after = to take care of · 2 to give up = to stop trying · 1 to find out = to discover information
שאלון תרגול בסגנון בחינת הבגרות · נדב כץ · אין זה שאלון רשמי של משרד החינוך